托福閱讀長難句精講：狀語從句

　　托福閱讀長難句的重點和難點在于：句子中會嵌套著若干子句，同學們理解起來會比較困難。那么，我們究竟該如何提高分析托福閱讀長難句能力呢?小編對一些真題中的長難句進行了分析整理，并附上專業的子句成分劃分和知識點梳理為大家進行講解。希望同學們有所收獲。

　　托福長難句

　　In order for the structure to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose, architecture employs methods of support that, because they are based on physical laws, have changed little since people first discovered them—even while building materials have changed dramatically.

　　專家解析

　　【難點】

　　本句話是一個主從復合句，這句話包含的從句比較多，support后面的that引導一個限制性定語從句，because引導一個原因狀語從句，而since引導一個時間狀語從句，而even while 引導一個讓步狀語從句。

　　【子句拆分】

　　主句：In order for the structure to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose, architecture employs methods of support.

　　狀語從句1：They are based on physical laws.

　　定語從句：Methods of support have changed little.

　　狀語從句2：People first discovered them.

　　狀語從句3：Building materials have changed dramatically.

　　【成分劃分】

　　主句：In order for the structure to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose, [狀語] architecture [主語] employs [謂語] methods of support. [賓語]

　　翻譯：為了讓建筑物達到必要的大小和強度以滿足建筑的目的，建筑物采用了一些支撐自身的方法。

　　連接詞：BECAUSE

　　狀語從句1：They [主語] are based on [謂語] physical laws. [賓語]

　　翻譯：它們以物理定律為基礎。

　　連接詞：THAT

　　定語從句：Methods of support [主語] have changed [謂語] little. [狀語]

　　翻譯：支撐的方法幾乎沒有任何改變。

　　連接詞：SINCE

　　狀語從句2：People [主語] first [狀語] discovered [謂語] them. [賓語]

　　翻譯：人們最初發現它們。

　　連接詞：EVER WHILE

　　狀語從句3：Building materials [主語] have changed [謂語] dramatically.[狀語]

　　翻譯：建筑材料已經發生了巨大的變化。

　　【全句翻譯】

　　為了讓建筑物達到必要的大小和強度以滿足建筑的目的，建筑物采用了一些支撐自身的方法;因為這些方法都是以物理定律為基礎的，所以盡管建筑材料已經發生了巨大的變化，但是這些方法自從最初被人們發現以來幾乎沒有任何改變。

　　知識點梳理

　　時間狀語從句

　　用表示時間的連詞連接一個句子作狀語，這樣的主從復合句就是時間狀語從句。連接時間狀語從句的連接詞有：when, before, after, while, as soon as, until, since 等. 這里要注意一點的是，如果主句是一般將來時，從句只能用一般現在時表示將來意義。

　?、?When you think you know nothing, then you begin to know something.

　?、?Strike while the iron is hot.

　　原因狀語從句

　　引導原因狀語從句的從屬連詞有because(因為), as(由于), since(既然), now(that)(既然), seeing (that) (由于，鑒于), considering (that)(考慮到), given (that) (考慮到),for(因為)等。

　?、?He took off his coat because he felt hot.

　?、?She could not have seen me, for I was not there.

　　限定性定語從句

　　限定性定語從句表現是先行詞在意義上是不可缺少的定語，若省略，所修飾主句的內容就不完整或失去意義，和主句的關系十分密切，寫時不可用逗號分開。

　?、?Who is the man that is reading a book over there?

　　② The school that he once studied in is very famous.

　　托福閱讀長難句是有規律可循的。只要多加練習，同學們對于長難句的理解能力一定會大大提高。更多備考資料獲取，請致電西安托福學校029-85381567或關注公眾微信號seeree_edu。